Anatomical reminder The anatomical insertions on 3 different structures give rise to 3 groups of fibers of different orientation: The fibers, which start at the top of the twelfth side and attach, at the
Anatomical reminder These muscles include: The piriformis muscle The upper and lower gastrocnemius muscles The square femoris muscle The internal and external obturator muscles 1- gluteus maximus muscle (cut) 2- gluteus medius muscle (sectioned) 3-
We must first define hyperalgesia and allodynia, primary and secondary hyperalgesia: Hyperalgesia: for a given painful stimulus, the painful sensation is abnormally increased Allodynia: a normally non-painful sensation becomes painful. Primary hyperalgesia: it is a
Definition An endorphin (from the abbreviation endogenous morphine) is a , that is to say a [ tooltip title=”A peptide is a polymer of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds”]peptide[/tooltip] acting as a neurotransmitter,
Definition Opioid receptors are receptors located in the cell membrane coupled with G proteins having as ligand an opioid (derived from the word opium). Description There are 4 subtypes of opioid receptors: Delta (δ) Kappa
Anatomical reminder The deep intrinsic muscles of the foot are composed of: plantar quadratus muscle lumbrical muscles flexor hallucis brevis muscle flexor muscle of the little toe interosseous muscles. 1- Lumbar muscles 2- Plantar square